Textile Engineering and Fibre Science – TF

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ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Linear Algebra: Matrices and Determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Limit, continuity and differentiability; Partial Derivatives; Maxima and minima; Sequences and series;
Test for convergence; Fourier series.
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Vector Calculus: Gradient; Divergence and Curl; Line; surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and Green’s
theorems.
Diferential Equations: Linear and non-linear first order ODEs; Higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients;
Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms; PDEs – Laplace, heat and wave equations.
Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and
binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis.
Numerical Methods: Solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; integration of trapezoidal and Simpson’s
rule; single and multi-step methods for differential equations.
TEXTILE ENGINEERING AND FIBRE SCIENCE
Textile Fibres: Classification of textile fibres; Essential requirements of fibre forming polymers; Gross and fine
structure of natural fibres like cotton, wool and silk. Introduction to important bast fibres; properties and uses of
natural and man-made fibres; physical and chemical methods of fibre and blend identification and blend analysis.
Molecular architecture, amorphous and crystalline phases, glass transition, plasticization, crystallization, melting,
factors affecting Tg and Tm; Process of viscose and acetate preparation. Polymerization of nylon-6, nylon-66, poly
(ethylene terephthalate), polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene; Melt Spinning processes, characteristic features of
PET, polyamide and polypropylene spinning; wet and dry spinning of viscose and acrylic fibres; post spinning
operations such as drawing, heat setting, tow-to-top conversion and different texturing methods.
Methods of investigating fibre structure e.g., Density, X-ray diffraction, birefringence, optical and electron
microscopy, I.R. absorption, thermal methods (DSC, DMA/TMA, TGA); structure and morphology of man-made
fibres, mechanical properties of fibres, moisture sorption in fibres; fibre structure and property correlation.
Yarn manufacture and yarn structure & properties: Principles of opening, cleaning and mixing/blending of
fibrous materials, working principle of modern opening and cleaning equipments; the technology of carding,
carding of cotton and synthetic fibres; Drafting operation, roller and apron drafting principle, causes of mass
irregularity introduced by drafting; roller arrangements in drafting systems; principles of cotton combing, combing
cycle, mechanism and function, combing efficiency, lap preparation; recent developments in comber; Roving
production, mechanism of bobbin building, roving twist; Principle of ring spinning, forces acting on yarn and
traveler; ring & traveler designs; mechanism of cop formation, causes of end breakages; working principle of ring
doubler and two for one twister, single and folded yarn twist, properties of double yarns, production of core spun
yarn, compact spinning, principle of non conventional methods of yarn production such as rotor spinning, air jet
spinning, wrap spinning, twist less spinning and friction spinning.
Yarn contraction, yarn diameter, specific volume & packing coefficient; twist strength relationship in spun yarns;
fibre configuration and orientation in yarn; cause of fibre migration and its estimation, irregularity index, properties
of ring, rotor and air-jet yarns.
Fabric manufacture and Fabric Structure: Principles of cheese and cone winding processes and machines;
random and precision winding; package faults and their remedies; yarn clearers and tensioners; different systems
of yarn splicing; features of modern cone winding machines; different types of warping creels; features of modern
beam and sectional warping machines; different sizing systems, sizing of spun and filament yarns, modern sizing
machines; principles of pirn winding processes and machines; primary and secondary motions of loom, effect of
their settings and timings on fabric formation, fabric appearance and weaving performance; dobby and jacquard
shedding; mechanics of weft insertion with shuttle; warp and weft stop motions, warp protection, weft replenishment;
functional principles of weft insertion systems of shuttle-less weaving machines, principles of multiphase and
circular looms.
Principles of weft and warp knitting; basic weft and warp knitted structures. Classification, production and areas
of application of nonwoven fabrics. Basic woven fabric constructions and their derivatives; crepe, cord, terry,
gauze, leno and double cloth constructions. Peirce’s equations for fabric geometry; elastica model of plain woven
fabrics; thickness, cover and maximum sett of woven fabrics.
Textile Testing: Sampling techniques, sample size and sampling errors. Measurement of fibre length, fineness,
crimp, strength and reflectance; measurement of cotton fibre maturity and trash content; HVI and AFIS for fibre
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testing. Measurement of yarn count, twist and hairiness; tensile testing of fibres, yarns and fabrics; evenness
testing of slivers, rovings and yarns; testing equipment for measurement test methods of fabric properties like
thickness, compressibility, air permeability, drape, crease recovery, tear strength, bursting strength and abrasion
resistance. FAST and Kawabata instruments and systems for objective fabric evaluation. Statistical data analysis
of experimental results. Correlation analysis, significance tests and analysis of variance; frequency distributions
and control charts.
Preparatory Processes: Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton, wool and silk. Mercerization
of cotton. Preparatory processes for nylon, polyester and acrylic and polyester/cotton blends.
Dyeing: Classification of dyes. Dyeing of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon and acrylic with appropriate dye
classes. Dyeing polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends. Batchwise and continuous dyeing machines. Dyeing
of cotton knitted fabrics and machines used. Dye fibre interaction. Introduction to thermodynamics and kinetics of
dyeing. Methods for determination of wash, light and rubbing fastness. Evaluation of fastness properties with the
help of grey scale.
Printing: Styles of printing. Printing thickeners including synthetic thickeners. Printing auxiliaries. Printing of
cotton with reactive dyes. Printing of wool, silk, nylon with acid and metal complex dyes. Printing of polyester with
disperse dyes. Methods of dye fixation after printing. Resist and discharge printing of cotton, silk and polyester.
Printing of polyester/cotton blends with disperse/reactive combination. Transfer printing of polyester.
Developments in inkjet printing.
Finishing: Mechanical finishing of cotton. Stiff. Soft, wrinkle resistant, water repellent, flame retardant and enzyme
(bio-polishing) finishing of cotton. Milling, decatizing and shrink resistant finishing of wool. Antistat finishing of
synthetic fibre fabrics. Heat setting of polyester.
Energy Conservation: Minimum application techniques.
Pollution: Environment pollution during chemical processing of textiles. Treatment of textile effluents.