Syllabi for GATE Papers:Chemistry – CY

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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Structure: Quantum theory: principles and techniques; applications to a particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, rigid
rotor and hydrogen atom; valence bond and molecular orbital theories, Hückel approximation; approximate
techniques: variation and perturbation; symmetry, point groups; rotational, vibrational, electronic, NMR, and ESR
spectroscopy
Equilibrium: Kinetic theory of gases; First law of thermodynamics, heat, energy, and work; second law of
thermodynamics and entropy; third law and absolute entropy; free energy; partial molar quantities; ideal and nonideal
solutions; phase transformation: phase rule and phase diagrams - one, two, and three component systems;
activity, activity coefficient, fugacity, and fugacity coefficient; chemical equilibrium, response of chemical equilibrium
to temperature and pressure; colligative properties; Debye-Hückel theory; thermodynamics of electrochemical
cells; standard electrode potentials: applications - corrosion and energy conversion; molecular partition function
(translational, rotational, vibrational, and electronic).
Kinetics: Rates of chemical reactions, temperature dependence of chemical reactions; elementary, consecutive,
and parallel reactions; steady state approximation; theories of reaction rates - collision and transition state theory,
relaxation kinetics, kinetics of photochemical reactions and free radical polymerization, homogeneous catalysis,
adsorption isotherms and heterogeneous catalysis.
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Main group elements: General characteristics, allotropes, structure and reactions of simple and industrially important
compounds: boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron nitride, borazines and phosphazenes. Hydrides, oxides
and oxoacids of pnictogens (N, P), chalcogens (S, Se & Te) and halogens, xenon compounds, pseudo halogens
and interhalogen compounds. Shapes of molecules and hard- soft acid base concept. Structure and Bonding
(VBT) of B, Al, Si, N, P, S, Cl compounds. Allotropes of carbon: graphite, diamond, C60. Synthesis and reactivity of
inorganic polymers of Si and P.
Transition Elements: General characteristics of d and f block elements; coordination chemistry: structure and
isomerism, stability, theories of metal- ligand bonding (CFT and LFT), mechanisms of substitution and electron
transfer reactions of coordination complexes. Electronic spectra and magnetic properties of transition metal
complexes, lanthanides and actinides. Metal carbonyls, metal- metal bonds and metal atom clusters, metallocenes;
transition metal complexes with bonds to hydrogen, alkyls, alkenes and arenes; metal carbenes; use of organometallic
compounds as catalysts in organic synthesis. Bioinorganic chemistry of Na, K. Mg, Ca, Fe, Co, Zn, Cu and Mo.
Solids: Crystal systems and lattices, miller planes, crystal packing, crystal defects; Bragg’s Law, ionic crystals,
band theory, metals and semiconductors, Different structures of AX, AX2, ABX3 compounds, spinels.
Instrumental methods of analysis: Atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy including ICP-AES, UV- visible
spectrophotometry, NMR, mass, Mossbauer spectroscopy (Fe and Sn), ESR spectroscopy, chromatography
including GC and HPLC and electro-analytical methods (Coulometry, cyclic voltammetry, polarography –
amperometry, and ion selective electrodes).
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Stereochemistry: Chirality of organic molecules with or without chiral centres. Specification of configuration in
compounds having one or more stereogenic centres. Enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces.
Stereoselective and stereospecific synthesis. Conformational analysis of acyclic and cyclic compounds. Geometrical
isomerism. Configurational and conformational effects on reactivity and selectivity/specificity.
Reaction mechanism: Methods of determining reaction mechanisms. Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitutions
and additions to multiple bonds. Elimination reactions. Reactive intermediates- carbocations, carbanions, carbenes,
nitrenes, arynes, free radicals. Molecular rearrangements involving electron deficient atoms.
Organic synthesis: Synthesis, reactions, mechanisms and selectivity involving the following- alkenes, alkynes,
arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, halides, nitro compounds
and amines. Use of compounds of Mg, Li, Cu, B and Si in organic synthesis. Concepts in multistep synthesisretrosynthetic
analysis, disconnections, synthons, synthetic equivalents, reactivity umpolung, selectivity, protection
and deprotection of functional groups.
Pericyclic reactions: Electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions. Orbital correlation, FMO and PMO
treatments.
Photochemistry: Basic principles. Photochemistry of alkenes, carbonyl compounds, and arenes. Photooxidation
and photoreduction. Di-ð- methane rearrangement, Barton reaction.
Heterocyclic compounds: Structure, preparation, properties and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine,
indole and their derivatives.
Biomolecules: Structure, properties and reactions of mono- and di-saccharides, physicochemical properties of
amino acids, chemical synthesis of peptides, structural features of proteins, nucleic acids, steroids, terpenoids,
carotenoids, and alkaloids.
Spectroscopy: Principles and applications of UV-visible, IR, NMR and Mass spectrometry in the determination of
structures of organic molecules.

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